基于GPRS/CDMA通信的山洪灾害预警系统的设计

文章介绍了利用CDMA/GPRS网络,借助CDMA/GPRS通讯产品,完成各级山洪预警系统中的监测采集站网的汛情信息传输、监测中心的监测信息传送以及预警广播信息的传送,为山洪灾害的及时监测、预警预报,以及决策会商和指挥调度工作提供了畅通、快速、可靠稳定的通信信道。     

近50年广东省旱灾受灾面积的时序分形研究

应用非线性动力系统的理论分析了广东省1950-1999年的旱灾受灾面积时序变化的混沌特性;通过重构其嵌入的相空间达到恢复系统复杂的动力机制;经计算表明,该时间序列分布具有分形特性,是一混沌的时间序列;其饱和关联维教d为1．884。相应的饱和嵌入雏教为6。即：该系统的有效自由度为6个;初步给出了系统的影响因子;经计算反映系统混沌程度的指标Kolmogorov熵K=0．1135。结果显示它的平均可预报尺度在8-9年。     

生物农药——21世纪农药的生力军

生物农药是人们减少污染、回归自然的一个必然选择。与化学农药相比,生物农药具有无可比拟的优越性,在农作物病虫害的防治和清除杂草方面,生物农药的应用前景广阔。介绍了生物农药的种类(植物源农药,微生物农药,生物体农药),独特的作用机理和在可持续发展中的地位,并展望了它的发展前景。     

Perceptions of pre-service teachers on seismic risk and their implications for science education: a comparative study between Spain and Portugal

Abstract

This study investigated the importance given by two groups of pre-service teachers of primary education from Spain and Portugal to seismic risk in a framework of different natural risks, both in personal terms and as future teachers. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Some questions about the seismic phenomenon were also included. The sample groups consisted of 110 students from an institution in Spain and 121 from one in Portugal. Both institutions are in cities affected by the historic Lisbon earthquake of 1755. The results showed that the risk of forest fire was the first choice for classroom study in both cases. The Spanish group was also more focused on the importance of other risks like flood and drought. The Portuguese group showed a greater concern with seismic risk, frequently referring to their own historic earthquake of 1755. A few gaps in knowledge concerning earthquake prediction and comparing seismic risk in different regions of their own countries were also found. In accordance with the results, it is suggested that training courses for primary school teachers should include Disaster Risk Education in Science Education for a better understanding of the impact of various hazards and a greater concern with seismic risk due to its particular features, especially in regions where the seismic pattern is characterized by long seismic cycles with major earthquake episodes.     

企业救灾行为匹配性对企业声誉的影响研究

探讨了企业救灾行为情景匹配与功能匹配对企业声誉的影响。问卷调查结果表明,消费者对企业救灾行为的功能匹配与情景匹配有比较清醒的感知。进一步的实验研究结果表明,低水平（ VS．高水平）功能匹配和高水平（ VS．低水平）情景匹配的企业救灾行为对消费者感知企业声誉有更积极影响;同时,当情景匹配水平较低时,低水平（ VS．高水平）功能匹配的救灾行为对消费者感知企业声誉有显著积极影响;相反,当情景匹配水平较高时,高水平（ VS．低水平）功能匹配的救灾行为对消费者感知企业声誉有显著的积极影响。     

Social risks and challenges in post-disaster resettlement: the case of Lake Nyos,Cameroon

This paper examines contemporary challenges in post-disaster resettlement in Cameroon. The focus is on the ongoing post-disaster experiences of survivors who were resettled in seven camps after the Lake Nyos Disaster in 1986. Empirical data obtained at the Ukpwa Waindo resettlement camp were used for analysis of impoverishment due to relocation and resettlement. Cameroon’s weak macroeconomic situation that started a quarter century ago had serious consequences for the country’s socio-economic trends, which is partly responsible for the slow recovery of disaster survivors. However, an analysis of social vulnerability using Cernea’s Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction model shows how the involuntary resettlement of disaster survivors has itself created deep seated socio-economic and cultural consequences. By analysing their socio-economic situation, this article shows that resettlement is not merely a housing solution, but a complex, multi-dimensional process, with potentially very high negative impact if not properly planned and implemented. Therefore, the lessons learnt from this resettlement experience can be applied to ensure that resettlement becomes an opportunity to improve resilience and living conditions of the stricken population, and reduce exposure to disaster risk. There is urgent need for the government to tackle these long-term socio-economic problems faced by the disaster survivors, and to develop an effective policy to reconstruct, protect, improve or at least restore the livelihoods of those subject to resettlement.     

A research and defects analysis of the disaster relief system of China

Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, bring great pressure to governments. Disaster relief work can reflect the features of a government and test its ability in this respect. This article analyzes the basic political structure on which the establishment of China’s disaster relief system is based and introduces some reform initiatives in disaster reduction that enhance the quick emergency response ability of governments. However, in view of the government feature of unitary responsiveness (U-form), it is doubtful whether such a government can pool resources to finish a ‘central task’ without ignoring many noncentral tasks. As a low-probability event, disaster relief is unlikely to become the central task of a government and thus tends to be ignored. Such neglect is strengthened by corruption, venality, and other unscrupulous behaviors resulting from the nexus between the government and businessmen and, radically, from the government’s U-form character. This U-form feature strengthens China’s ‘strong government-weak society’ structure, which becomes the leading cause of tense social contradictions and frequent violent conflicts. Therefore, the control of environmental hazards, epidemic transmission, food safety problems, mass disturbances, and other human-induced disasters depends fundamentally on the transition of the Chinese government from the unitary responsiveness to the multiple responsiveness.     

Just How Prepared Are You? An Application of Marketing Segmentation and Theory of Planned Behavior for Disaster Preparation

The threat of a disaster is very real for many, and preparation is vital. To identify differences in how people respond to disaster preparation, a segmentation approach may be useful. Based on a survey, cluster analysis and application of the theory of planned behavior, this study finds four segments in the population. The unprepared and uninterested segment may be encouraged by associating preparation tasks with benefits other than disaster resilience. Willing but could do more may respond to information highlighting that government support may not be enough in a disaster. For it’s just too difficult, barriers need to be addressed, lowering costs of preparation and changing perceptions of difficulty. Those in knowing, interested, and prepared could be encouraged to help spread the word of the importance of preparation. Further recommendations are made for the wider public policy context, including a call for more segmentation approaches to build understanding and resilience.     

沙尘暴对西部发展的危害研究

沙尘暴是一种危害性极大的灾害性天气现象。它的发生既是一种加速土地荒漠化的重要过程,又是土地荒漠化发展到一定程度的具体表现。本文根据我国西部地表植被向恶性方向发展、土地沙化面积逐年增长、沙尘暴日趋频繁的具体情况,分析了沙尘暴的成因、危害,因地制宜提出了五条对策①实行综合治理;②加强沙尘暴的科学研究;③建立健全法规;④增加投资力度;⑤提高思想认识。     

履带式洪涝救援平台的设计与实现

为了解决洪涝灾害中常规救援方式存在的运移距离短、效率低下、安全可靠性低等难题,设计了一种可应用于城市洪涝灾害救援的新型履带式洪涝救援平台。首先,对整机机械结构(行走、升降、救援设备布置、平台防腐等)进行设计;其次,对关键设计参数进行理论计算分析,并运用数值模拟分析技术对关键结构进行仿真分析;最后,基于所设计的救援平台,建立城区模型、受灾分析模型和救援过程模型,运用K均值聚类多目标优化方法进行救援路径规划分析,探讨城市洪涝救援新模式,并与传统城市洪涝救援进行对比分析。结果表明:救援平台相较于传统救援在安全可靠性、快速性上有了极大改善;提出了新型的城市洪涝救援模式,其救援效率高于传统救援模式的效率。新型履带式洪涝救援平台可应用于救援艇运输、救援物资运输以及在灾区内部提供紧急治疗,并可作为受灾区受困人员中转基站,所提出的救援模式可有效拓宽洪涝灾害的救援方式。